PART5
March, 628 A.D / Dhu-ul-Qa, dah, 6th Hijri:
Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) signed the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah with infidels of Makkah. By virtue of The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, the infidels of Makkah had to agree to compromise with the Muslims. Though, few terms of that treaty were seemed completely against the Muslim’s interests but for the long run point of view, they were in favor of Islam and prophet (saww) knew it. Afterwards, the glad tiding of a manifest Victory was revealed which confirmed the prophet’s (saww) vision and sagacity:
628 A.D / 6th Hijri:
Marriage with infidels declared forbidden through divine revelation.
628 A.D / 6th Hijri:
Sayyida Rehana b. Shamun (RA) entered the household of Hazrat Mohemmed (saww). She was originally Jewish and came from Banu Quraiza.
628 A.D / 6th Hijri:
Sayyida Maria Qibtia, the Copt (RA) entered the household of Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) who was originally a slave-girl who was sent to the presence of Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) as gift from Muqawqis, the Byzantine viceroy ruling the Copts in Egypt. She bore Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) a son, Sayyidna Ibrahim (RA) who died eighteen months after his birth.
628 A.D / 6th Hijri:
Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) married Sayyida Umm-e-Habiba (RA) the daughter of Abu Sufyan, the leader of the Quraysh and widow of Ubayd (who had been converted to Christianity in Abyssinia, where he died).
May, 628 A.D / Muharram-ul-Haram, 7th Hijri:
Messengers are sent to Muqawaqis, ruler of Egypt, Kisra of Persia, Qaisar (Heraclius) of Byzantium, the rulers of the Yemen and others, calling them to Islam.
June, 628 A.D/30Muharram-ul-Haram,7th Hijri:
Battle of Khayber took place. Shortly after the Muslims returned from Hudaybiyyah, they learnt that the Jews of Khayber were planning another attack on Madina to avenge their defeat. Their agents, it was reported, were inciting other tribes as well. To forestall these moves the Muslims marched on Khayber with sixteen hundred men and the Khayber fortress, reputed to be impregnable, was stormed and conquered by Sayyidna Ali (RA) after a siege lasting twenty days. As a result the Jewish citadels of Khayber were conquered, and the growing strength of the Muslims became apparent.
628 A.D / 7th Hijri:
To avenge their defeat at Khayber, the Jews made a conspiracy against Muslims; they planned to kill Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) and some of his companions. For implementing the conspiracy, the wife of a Jewish notable slain in the war of Khayber, invited Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) and some of his companions to a meal in her house. The food was poisoned. Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) had barely tasted the food when he suspected treachery and stopped eating but one of his companions, Hazrat Bishr b. Bara, died of poisoning. According to the law of the time the whole Jewish community should have been held accountable for this treacherous crime and punished accordingly but Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) held his hand and only the guilty woman was punished.
628 A.D / 7th Hijri:
Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) married Sayyida Safya (RA), the seventeen-year-old widow of Kinanah, chief of the Jews of Khaybar who had been killed at Khaybar. Sayyida Safya (RA) accepted Islam and married the prophet on the return journey to Madina.
628 A.D / 7th Hijri:
The group of Muslims who migrated to Syria returned to Makkah.
628 A.D / 7th Hijri:
Battle of Wadi-ul-Qura took place.
April, 629 A.D / Dhu-ul-Qa, dah 7th Hijri:
Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) with two thousand of his trusted followers performed Umra-tul-Qaza (pilgrimage) as agreed in the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, and Hazrat Bilal (RA) called the prayer (Azan) from the top of the Kaaba, thus the Kalimah-e-Shahadah (the testimony of the faith) echoes in the valley of Makkah, while the Quraysh watch and listen from the hill of Abu Qubays. The Muslims scrupulously observed the terms of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, even though they were now strong enough to dictate their own terms if they so desired.
629 A.D / 7th Hijri:
Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) married Sayyida Maymuna (RA) after the pilgrimage to Makkah. She was the sister in law of Prophet’s uncle Hazrat Abbas, and a widow.
629 A.D / 8th Hijri:
Hazrat Khalid b. Walid (RA) and Hazrat Amr b.Al-Aas (RA) embraced Islam.
629 A.D / 8th Hijri:
Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) led the Muslim force in battle of Mauta. That was the battle in which Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) addressed Hazrat Khalid b. Walid (RA) by the name of Saif-Ullah (the Sword of Allah) which then became his honorary title.
12 January, 630 A.D / 20 Ramadan-ul-Mubarak, 8th Hijri:
Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was nearly two years old. The infidels of Makkah now violated one of the terms of the treaty. A tribe allied to them attacked a tribe allied to the Muslims, causing much damage to life and property. The aggrieved tribe brought their complaint to Hazrat Mohemmed (saww). He wrote to the infidels of Makkah and demanded the according to the term of the treaty they should either indemnify the aggrieved tribe for their losses or break their alliance with the aggressor tribe and let the Muslims deal with it as thought best. Alternatively they should terminate the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. The infidels of Makkah chose the latter and the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was thus terminated. They soon realized how hasty and unwise they had been and sent Abu Sufyan as their envoy to Madina to make amends. It was too late. Muslims were to be fed up of the infidels of Makkah and their patience worn out at last, decided to pull out this thorn from their side. Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) ordered his devotees to march towards the Makkah. A large force was accordingly assembled and it marched towards the Makkah. When they approached the end of their journey and Makkah was a few miles away, they halted and encamped for the night. Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) commanded that each group should light a bright fire to give the infidels an idea of their strength. The infidels, he hoped would not give battle once they knew that resistance was hopeless as always he was anxious to avoid unnecessary blood shed and so no blood was shed. The infidels of Makkah gave in, their leader Abu Sufyan presented himself before Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) as their envoy, and accepted Islam. When Abu Sufyan returned to Makkah he made the following proclamation on behalf of the prophet Mohemmed (saww)
“Whoever takes refuge in the house of Abu Sufyan shall be forgiven
Whoever remains indoors and keeps his door shut shall be forgiven.
Whoever enters the Kaaba shall be forgiven.
Whoever goes about his business unarmed shall go in peace.”
No one was forced to change his faith or made to accept the faith of the conquerors as pre-conditions for personal security. Every one was given quarter on one simple condition-peaceful submission. So no resistance was seen then Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) entered in Makkah and conquered it without shedding a single drop of blood.
The Kaaba was purified of idols by Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) himself. On that occasion, Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) was reciting these verses:
"Truth has (now) arrived, and Falsehood perished,
For Falsehood is (by its nature) bound to perish." (17:81)
Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) announced general pardon for everyone and said:
“I have today abolished all customs and all rituals of the days of jahillya (ignorance) except that arrangements for the distribution of water to the pilgrimage from the holy well of zamzam (pure water) will continue as before.
O, people of Quraysh! Take heed: Allah (swt) has destroyed your factionalism of the days of jahillya, and your pride in blood and lineage. All men are equal. All are descended from the same ancestor, Adam. And Adam was nothing but dust.”
Thus the holy city of Makkah was now Hazrat Mohemmed’s (saww) undisputed domain, his greatness lies in the fact he won Makkah, his native city, without any actual war or blood shed.
1st February, 630 A.D /11 Shawwal-ul-Mukarram, 8th Hijri:
Battle of Hunain took place. Immediately after the conquest of Makkah the Muslims fought a battle against the allied tribes of Hawazin and Thaqif at a point between Makkah and Taif. During the battle field Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) prayed:
“Allah (swt)! I ask of thee thy promise.”
Suddenly the tide of battle turned. Afterwards the revelation came:
“Assuredly Allah (swt) did help you in many battle-fields and on the day of Hunain: Behold! Your great numbers elated you, but they availed you naught: the land, for all that it is wide, did constrain you, and ye turned back in retreat. But Allah (swt) did pour His calm on the Messenger and on the Believers, and sent down forces which ye saw not: He punished the Unbelievers; thus doth He reward those without Faith. Again will Allah, after this, turn (in mercy) to whom He will: for Allah (swt) is Oft-forgiving, most Merciful. (9:25-27)
The Muslim victory in this battle persuaded the desert tribes to accept Islam and shortly thereafter the rebel tribe of Taif also surrendered and entered Islam.
3rd February, 630 A.D/ 13 Shawwal-ul-Mukarram, 8th Hijri:
Battle of Taif took place.
630 A.D / 8th Hijri:
Majority of the people of Hawazin tribe embraced Islam.
630 A.D / 9th Hijri:
The beginning of the year of Deputation; when tribes from all over Arabia accepted Islam.
630 A.D / 9th Hijri:
The Department for alms and charity was established.
March, 628 A.D / Dhu-ul-Qa, dah, 6th Hijri:
Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) signed the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah with infidels of Makkah. By virtue of The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, the infidels of Makkah had to agree to compromise with the Muslims. Though, few terms of that treaty were seemed completely against the Muslim’s interests but for the long run point of view, they were in favor of Islam and prophet (saww) knew it. Afterwards, the glad tiding of a manifest Victory was revealed which confirmed the prophet’s (saww) vision and sagacity:
“Verily, we have granted thee a manifest Victory” (48:1)
Hudaybiyyah is a place on the road from Jeddah to Makkah; just outside the Haram (restricted precinct) Here Hazrat Mohemmed (saww)
stopped and awaited the outcome of events when prevented from making
the pilgrimage by the infidels of Makkah. A Quranic revelation (48:27)
declared the Prophet would pray at Makkah. He set out to perform
pilgrimage at Makkah with a party of about 1000 men unarmed and in
Iharam (pilgrim dress). The Quraysh stopped the party at Hudaybiyyah, about ten miles from Makkah. Sayyidna
Uthman (RA) was sent to negotiate with infidels when he did not return
at the expected time, many thought that he had been killed or captured
and that all was lost. In this moment of peril, the prophet’s followers
individually made a new oath of fealty to the prophets known as Bait-ur-Ridwan (the pact of felicity). Sayyidna Mohemmed (saww) himself represented the absent Sayyidna Uthman (RA) by proxy in this oath. Sayyidna
Uthman (RA) returned with some infidels. The Quraysh agreed to a truce,
“the peace of Hudaybiyah”. Under the conditions of this treaty the
prophet would be allowed to make the pilgrimage not then but in the
following year. Makkah would be emptied for three days for the Muslim
pilgrims. The peace also stipulated a truce for ten years, that those
who were not free but subjects or dependents of the Quraysh and who
defected from the pagans to the Muslim would be returned to the Quraysh
by the Muslims, whereas those who were subject to the Muslims and who
defected from the Muslims to the Quraysh would not be returned by the
Quraysh. Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) performed the pilgrimage
the following year. The testimony of faith declaring that there is no
god but Allah (swt) and Mohemmed (saww) is the messenger of Allah (swt)
rang out in the valley of Makkah. The Quraysh camped on the hill of Abu
Qubays, heard it, a portent of the coming triumph of Islam. Other
effects were equally far-reaching. The desert tribes had seen the infidels of Makkah dealing with the Hazrat Mohemmed (saww)
as an equal and as a sovereign, and many turned to the new religion.
Shortly thereafter, in the year 630 taking an incident between an allied
tribe and the infidels of Makkah as a breach of the truce, Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) marched upon Makkah and conquered it, meeting almost no resistance.628 A.D / 6th Hijri:
Marriage with infidels declared forbidden through divine revelation.
628 A.D / 6th Hijri:
Sayyida Rehana b. Shamun (RA) entered the household of Hazrat Mohemmed (saww). She was originally Jewish and came from Banu Quraiza.
628 A.D / 6th Hijri:
Sayyida Maria Qibtia, the Copt (RA) entered the household of Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) who was originally a slave-girl who was sent to the presence of Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) as gift from Muqawqis, the Byzantine viceroy ruling the Copts in Egypt. She bore Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) a son, Sayyidna Ibrahim (RA) who died eighteen months after his birth.
628 A.D / 6th Hijri:
Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) married Sayyida Umm-e-Habiba (RA) the daughter of Abu Sufyan, the leader of the Quraysh and widow of Ubayd (who had been converted to Christianity in Abyssinia, where he died).
May, 628 A.D / Muharram-ul-Haram, 7th Hijri:
Messengers are sent to Muqawaqis, ruler of Egypt, Kisra of Persia, Qaisar (Heraclius) of Byzantium, the rulers of the Yemen and others, calling them to Islam.
June, 628 A.D/30Muharram-ul-Haram,7th Hijri:
Battle of Khayber took place. Shortly after the Muslims returned from Hudaybiyyah, they learnt that the Jews of Khayber were planning another attack on Madina to avenge their defeat. Their agents, it was reported, were inciting other tribes as well. To forestall these moves the Muslims marched on Khayber with sixteen hundred men and the Khayber fortress, reputed to be impregnable, was stormed and conquered by Sayyidna Ali (RA) after a siege lasting twenty days. As a result the Jewish citadels of Khayber were conquered, and the growing strength of the Muslims became apparent.
628 A.D / 7th Hijri:
To avenge their defeat at Khayber, the Jews made a conspiracy against Muslims; they planned to kill Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) and some of his companions. For implementing the conspiracy, the wife of a Jewish notable slain in the war of Khayber, invited Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) and some of his companions to a meal in her house. The food was poisoned. Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) had barely tasted the food when he suspected treachery and stopped eating but one of his companions, Hazrat Bishr b. Bara, died of poisoning. According to the law of the time the whole Jewish community should have been held accountable for this treacherous crime and punished accordingly but Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) held his hand and only the guilty woman was punished.
628 A.D / 7th Hijri:
Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) married Sayyida Safya (RA), the seventeen-year-old widow of Kinanah, chief of the Jews of Khaybar who had been killed at Khaybar. Sayyida Safya (RA) accepted Islam and married the prophet on the return journey to Madina.
628 A.D / 7th Hijri:
The group of Muslims who migrated to Syria returned to Makkah.
628 A.D / 7th Hijri:
Battle of Wadi-ul-Qura took place.
April, 629 A.D / Dhu-ul-Qa, dah 7th Hijri:
Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) with two thousand of his trusted followers performed Umra-tul-Qaza (pilgrimage) as agreed in the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, and Hazrat Bilal (RA) called the prayer (Azan) from the top of the Kaaba, thus the Kalimah-e-Shahadah (the testimony of the faith) echoes in the valley of Makkah, while the Quraysh watch and listen from the hill of Abu Qubays. The Muslims scrupulously observed the terms of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, even though they were now strong enough to dictate their own terms if they so desired.
629 A.D / 7th Hijri:
Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) married Sayyida Maymuna (RA) after the pilgrimage to Makkah. She was the sister in law of Prophet’s uncle Hazrat Abbas, and a widow.
629 A.D / 8th Hijri:
Hazrat Khalid b. Walid (RA) and Hazrat Amr b.Al-Aas (RA) embraced Islam.
629 A.D / 8th Hijri:
Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) led the Muslim force in battle of Mauta. That was the battle in which Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) addressed Hazrat Khalid b. Walid (RA) by the name of Saif-Ullah (the Sword of Allah) which then became his honorary title.
12 January, 630 A.D / 20 Ramadan-ul-Mubarak, 8th Hijri:
Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was nearly two years old. The infidels of Makkah now violated one of the terms of the treaty. A tribe allied to them attacked a tribe allied to the Muslims, causing much damage to life and property. The aggrieved tribe brought their complaint to Hazrat Mohemmed (saww). He wrote to the infidels of Makkah and demanded the according to the term of the treaty they should either indemnify the aggrieved tribe for their losses or break their alliance with the aggressor tribe and let the Muslims deal with it as thought best. Alternatively they should terminate the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. The infidels of Makkah chose the latter and the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was thus terminated. They soon realized how hasty and unwise they had been and sent Abu Sufyan as their envoy to Madina to make amends. It was too late. Muslims were to be fed up of the infidels of Makkah and their patience worn out at last, decided to pull out this thorn from their side. Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) ordered his devotees to march towards the Makkah. A large force was accordingly assembled and it marched towards the Makkah. When they approached the end of their journey and Makkah was a few miles away, they halted and encamped for the night. Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) commanded that each group should light a bright fire to give the infidels an idea of their strength. The infidels, he hoped would not give battle once they knew that resistance was hopeless as always he was anxious to avoid unnecessary blood shed and so no blood was shed. The infidels of Makkah gave in, their leader Abu Sufyan presented himself before Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) as their envoy, and accepted Islam. When Abu Sufyan returned to Makkah he made the following proclamation on behalf of the prophet Mohemmed (saww)
“Whoever takes refuge in the house of Abu Sufyan shall be forgiven
Whoever remains indoors and keeps his door shut shall be forgiven.
Whoever enters the Kaaba shall be forgiven.
Whoever goes about his business unarmed shall go in peace.”
No one was forced to change his faith or made to accept the faith of the conquerors as pre-conditions for personal security. Every one was given quarter on one simple condition-peaceful submission. So no resistance was seen then Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) entered in Makkah and conquered it without shedding a single drop of blood.
The Kaaba was purified of idols by Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) himself. On that occasion, Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) was reciting these verses:
"Truth has (now) arrived, and Falsehood perished,
For Falsehood is (by its nature) bound to perish." (17:81)
Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) announced general pardon for everyone and said:
“I have today abolished all customs and all rituals of the days of jahillya (ignorance) except that arrangements for the distribution of water to the pilgrimage from the holy well of zamzam (pure water) will continue as before.
O, people of Quraysh! Take heed: Allah (swt) has destroyed your factionalism of the days of jahillya, and your pride in blood and lineage. All men are equal. All are descended from the same ancestor, Adam. And Adam was nothing but dust.”
Thus the holy city of Makkah was now Hazrat Mohemmed’s (saww) undisputed domain, his greatness lies in the fact he won Makkah, his native city, without any actual war or blood shed.
1st February, 630 A.D /11 Shawwal-ul-Mukarram, 8th Hijri:
Battle of Hunain took place. Immediately after the conquest of Makkah the Muslims fought a battle against the allied tribes of Hawazin and Thaqif at a point between Makkah and Taif. During the battle field Hazrat Mohemmed (saww) prayed:
“Allah (swt)! I ask of thee thy promise.”
Suddenly the tide of battle turned. Afterwards the revelation came:
“Assuredly Allah (swt) did help you in many battle-fields and on the day of Hunain: Behold! Your great numbers elated you, but they availed you naught: the land, for all that it is wide, did constrain you, and ye turned back in retreat. But Allah (swt) did pour His calm on the Messenger and on the Believers, and sent down forces which ye saw not: He punished the Unbelievers; thus doth He reward those without Faith. Again will Allah, after this, turn (in mercy) to whom He will: for Allah (swt) is Oft-forgiving, most Merciful. (9:25-27)
The Muslim victory in this battle persuaded the desert tribes to accept Islam and shortly thereafter the rebel tribe of Taif also surrendered and entered Islam.
3rd February, 630 A.D/ 13 Shawwal-ul-Mukarram, 8th Hijri:
Battle of Taif took place.
630 A.D / 8th Hijri:
Majority of the people of Hawazin tribe embraced Islam.
630 A.D / 9th Hijri:
The beginning of the year of Deputation; when tribes from all over Arabia accepted Islam.
630 A.D / 9th Hijri:
The Department for alms and charity was established.
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